Wednesday, June 30, 2010

Thoracic mobilization and shoulder range of motion

When shoulder range of motion is impaired, the most common response is to address the shoulder joint. While this seems to make sense, it is not usually the best solution.

Shoulder range of motion is intimately related to thoracic mobility, or the mobility of the middle of your back. Full shoulder range of motion is possible only if there is adequate thoracic extension. Accordingly, in many cases thoracic mobility is a significant contributor to a lack of shoulder range of motion.

Most people have stiff thoracic spines because of poor training habits and poor posture. The best way to improve thoracic mobility is through manual mobilization at the hands of a skilled therapist. However, another great, simple option is to use a foam roll.

While this is commonly suggested, I think the way most people are instructed to do it poorly addresses thoracic joint mobility into extension, and instead focuses on mobilizing the muscles of the thoracic region. And this is a big difference. The goal of mobilizing the thoracic spine to improve shoulder motion is to specifically increase gliding of the joint surfaces to allow for increased thoracic extension. Accordingly, we need to as best as possible stabilize one region so the other can glide in a manner to increase extension.

However most people are rolling back and forth on the roll to reduce the soft tissue density of the muscles, thereby increasing extensibility. The only range of motion this will improve is flexion, or bending forward, which is the opposite direction you want your spine to go to improve shoulder mobility.

Spectrum trainer Tom Biggart, ATC, CSCS, demonstrates a great way to increase thoracic extension mobility with a foam roller below.







Most of us should be mobilizing our thoracic spines daily to counteract poor postutre habits. This should be certainly something you are doing if you need to improve shoulder range of motion.

Monday, June 28, 2010

The Truth About Abdominal Exercises


Many people spend inordinate amounts of time doing ab exercises, with the misguided notion that they will flatten their belly and protect their back.

Training the abdominals is one of the most misunderstood component of fitness. I'll cut to the chase and list 5 cold hard facts about the core:

1. Training the abs won't lead to a ripped or flat midsection. It will do nothing to get rid of that "stubborn body fat". These muscles are small. Small muscles have a limited capacity to oxidize (burn) fat. These muscles also don't grow well, so they won't become big muscles.

2. Doing several abdominal exercises makes fat loss more difficult. The most common reason why people say they have problems getting results with weight loss is that they don't have enough time to exercise. You need to exercise to lose fat. So if you spend the limited amount of time that you have doing several abdominal exercises, then you are spending less time doing exercises that actually work big muscles and burn fat. Take away the 321 versions of the crunch, focus on proven fat burning exercises, and watch the fat come off.

3. Doing many ab exercises will increase your risk of back pain. Ever see the research in (pick your favorite fitness magazine) that shows the "best ab exercises"? They are all missing a key point, big time.

You see, most research on the abdominal exercises focuses on how much muscle is working. They conclude that the higher the activation of the abs, the better the exercise.

Wrong. A brilliant researcher from Canada, Stuart Mc Gill, and several others, have studied ab exercises in depth, with a different perspective. Rather than focusing only on how much the muscles were activated, they also measured the stress imposed upon the discs, ligaments, and joints of the spine. These are the structures that are involved in back pain.

The results were amazing. Many of the exercises purported to be the "best ab exercises" imposed stress on spinal structures far beyond levels known to cause spinal damage.

Ironic how people are advised to do "protective" exercises that have actually been shown to damage the very structures causing back pain!

4. Strong abdominals do not reduce your risk of back pain.

If they did, then why do so many weightlifters, gymnasts, and football players have back pain? They have abs of steel! The research shows that motor control and endurance of the trunk muscles is correlated with reduced back injury, but strength is not.

5. Sit-ups, crunches, and ab machines are horrible exercises.

Do you know what movements are essential to allow a disc to herniate? Bending and twisting of the spine. Add excessive compression (via muscle force, additional weight, etc) and you have a great shot at damaging your back.

Guess what crunches, sit-ups, and ab machines have in common? Bending and twisting under high compressive loads. No wonder why low back pain is so common.

I could go on and on about this topic, but these points should hopefully shed some light regarding the truths about abdominals.

So what exercises should you do for your core? It depends on your goals.

If you want to lose fat, focus on working big muscles that have a high capacity for calorie burn. This usually involves multi-joint body weight and free weight exercises that use multiple muscles, including your abs! Of course, nutrition is a huge factor as well, and some energy system work in most cases.

If you want to protect your back, focus on adopting proper ergonomic in daily life, learning how to use your torso muscles, and choosing exercises that focus on proper body mechanics, controlling movement of your back and pelvis, and challenging the torso muscles that stabilize your low back without mimicking the very forces known to cause back injury. These things can be challenging to learn initially, but become ingrained habits, like riding a bike, with sufficient practice and instruction. For starters, check out some other examples here.

Wednesday, June 2, 2010

Sunshine and Vitamin D

We’ve certainly had some beautiful weather around here in New England; lots of sun, and some great beach days already.


All of this sun sparked a question I received about vitamin D, so I thought I’d share my response based on the latest research.


Do we need to supplement with Vitamin D?

There are several studies showing Vit D deficiencies are common, and are

associated with many diseases and disorders.


What is considered a Vit D deficiency?

Deficiencies are determined by blood tests. Testing blood levels (25 hydroxy vit D) are not usually covered by most insurances for a typical blood panel (unless you complain of fatigue or are elderly) so some PCPs will either not test and not advise supplementation, where as others will advise supplementation without testing assuming that most could benefit, and risks are low. It would not hurt to ask your PCP to test you though.


There is much debate about what is considered deficiency, as measured by 25 hydroxy vit D blood levels, and what is optimal. Minimum is usually defined as 37.5 nmol/L, where optimal is considered between 75 and 100

nmol/L.


Can you take too much?

Toxicity levels are > 375 nmol/L measured by 25 hydroxy vit D blood levels

Toxicity is very rare. Very conservative estimates states that the safe upper limit for intake is 2000IU per day, while many believe it is more like 20,000. Studies show toxicity with levels exceeding 50,000IU/day for months.


I know I can get Vit D from the sun. Does sunscreen impair this?

Sunscreen can limit vitamin D production by the skin. However, studies suggest that it only takes 10 minutes of daily sun exposure to produce adequate levels of Vit D. This can be impaired for those who are dark skinned or elderly. Interestingly, studies have shown that even Hawaiian surfers can have vit D insufficiencies, so there’s more to this than simply sun exposure.


So should I supplement with Vit D? How much?

Those with a history of inflammatory issues (crohns, IBS, OA, asthma, acne), autoimmune issues, significant dietary restrictions (no dairy, picky eater, no fish), risk of heart disease, elderly, or infants exclusively breast fed, I tend to think supplementing vit D is a good idea- no risk, and possibly a benefit. More studies are needed for sure. These people should get a 25 hydroxy vit D test from their PCP to know for sure.


For those on low carb diets who are over weight, I would definitely advise Vit D supplementation, as body fat is inversely related to 25 hydroxyl vit D levels and the dietary restriction can be an issue.


As far as how much, conservatively, for both kids and adults 2000IU is the level I would use if I were to supplement.


For everyone else, considering that it only takes 10 minutes of sun exposure to produce adequate levels of Vit D, and that most breads, cereals, and milk are vitamin D fortified, not to mention eggs, fish, and tuna serving as good sources, I not 100% sure that Vit D supplementation is necessary.


Hope this helps clear up the vitamin D issue. As always, feel free to contact me at mike@spectrumfit.net with any questions.


For all the New Englanders, enjoy this great weather, and go Celtics!

Wednesday, May 26, 2010

A critical component of athleticism - the speed myth

Many athletes and their parents/coaches are concerned about getting faster. And for good reason, because it is the athletic quality that is important for almost any sport if you want to excel.

Getting faster is not too complex, however it is certainly hard work. The reason getting faster seems so complex is because of the misinterpretation of what speed really means, and how to train for it.

So before I discuss the simply solution to getting faster, let's clarify some things about what speed really is.

When most refer to speed in sports, they are actually talking about acceleration (and accordingly decceleration is equally important). Most are confusing speed in sports with speed seen on the track.

For example, 100 meter sprinters have been found to not reach top speed until 60 meters. Mind you, they are also reacting to a predictable stimulus ("ready, set, bang"), and going in a straight line.

In contrast, athletes in soccer, basketball, football, and baseball (amongst other sports) need to accelerate from a dead stop or change speeds or directions in an instant in reaction to some stimulus (i.e. the crack of the bat, a whistle, or a sudden opening in the defense). This is called acceleration, the ability to move quickly in an instant, in multiple directions, and this is what most people are referring to when they talk about speed. Coaches often refer to this as quickness or agility.

Acceleration is much more important than speed when it comes to sports other than track. Accordingly, training for acceleration is entirely different than training for speed. So all the form sprinting drills are not the best use of time for young athletes that want to get faster.

What should athletes do then to get better acceleration? Playing games and working on various conditioning drills are good for skill development, coordination, and energy system training that impact acceleration. But doing this won't make a huge impact. This is where the big training camps having a huge group of kids going from drill to drill come up short.

We can make the biggest impact by focusing on one of the most important components of acceleration that is often neglected:

Force development.

Specifically, how much force an athlete can develop relative to their body weight. Consider a simple car analogy. Let's say you have a Honda Accord. If you simply take it to a race track an open it up, you'll likely be able to go 0-60 in about 7 sec. If you have some driving instruction, you'll might get that time down a tenth of a second get to that top speed quicker. But even if you were a professional race car driver, you wouldn't get that time down much further. However, if you swapped the V6 engine for a V8, you would certainly see a faster 0-60 time. You simply need to get a engine that produces more force.

Not surprisingly, research exists to confirm that relative strength correlates with acceleration.

J Strength Cond Research, Sept 09:

Researchers found that athletes with greater leg strength as determined by their maximal squat relative to their body weight had faster 5, 10, and 40 yard sprint times than those who had lower strength levels relative to their body weight. Short distance acceleration strongly correlates with superior athletic performance in most sports, like football, basketball, and soccer.

Unless you are already squatting 2 times your own body weight, you should try to get stronger if you want to be faster in sports.

So, getting fast is as simple as getting stronger? For the most part, yes.

However, there are a couple of critical points here.

First, strength is useless if it is not total body strength. For example, getting your legs stronger won't help much if your torso is weak. The body is only as strong as its weakest link. The analogy I often use with my athletes is that of a Honda civic with the engine of a Ferrari. Although you have a powerful engine, you won't go too fast if the chassis, suspension, tires, or brakes can't support the engine! Unfortunately, focusing on"safe machines" that isolate muscle groups (like some bodybuilders train) is a common way athletes develop muscle imbalances

Second, you can't use the strength if you have improper mobility. For example, if your ankles and hips can not bend to allow you to get in positions of optimal leverage, muscles can not exert the sufficient force to optimize speed. This factor is almost universally neglected at every level of athlete conditioning. As fellowship trained Physical therapists, we have a keen eye for these issues, and can spot mobility deficits in a heart beat.

Finally, producing force is one thing, but producing it quickly on demand is another. That is why some athletes who are strong in the weight room are slow on the field (although, I have yet to see or hear of a case of someone who is strong, lean, and slow). The rate at which you develop force needs to be emphasized once you have developed sufficient strength. This is a factor we focus on more with our advanced athletes who have been through our conditioning program a couple of times.



You see, getting faster is not too difficult when you have the right game plan, suited for your needs. Young athletes need to be taught what to do and how to do it properly. The best way to do this is through our Athlete Development Program.

Please click here to see what some of our athletes and parents have to say about the Athlete Development program.

We are currently accepting athletes for our upcoming Summer program. Our program begins on June 21rst so be sure to submit your registration form soon, as our program is already nearly full!. We keep our program small to provide the highest quality of service, so please submit your form right away to reserve a spot. You can download a registration with all the details form from our website here. Feel free to call at 978-927-2065 with any questions!

Friday, April 30, 2010

Pushups For Charity: pictures and total funds raised

I was excited when I arrived back from vacation earlier this week and heard the amazing total amount of funds raised for the Wounded Warrior Project from our Pushups for Charity event last week. The photographer also dropped off some great pics!

Check out the show below to see the action, and the total amount we raised...

Create your own video slideshow at animoto.com.

Amazing

Came across this video this morning - it's a must see:

Wednesday, April 21, 2010

Pushups For Charity Results

Last Saturday we hosted the Pushups for Charity Beverly event, and it was a great time!

We raised some serious money for the Wounded Warrior Project! The donations are still being collected, so I'll post the totals next week.

Some amazing push-up performances were on display as well. Here are the results for how many push-ups were performed in 90sec by the participants:

Michelle (the push-up queen: 32
Stephen: 64
Rob: 64
Tom: 64
Tom R: 67
Dave: 67
Bryan: 81
John: 84 (fittingly perfect West Point style technique)
Me: 96
And the winner...

Daniel (aka Pocket Hercules): 98!!!

It was a pleasure to lose to Daniel. He is an amazing young man (13 years old!) and has done some really impressive stuff training with Spectrum. Nice work Daniel - unbelievable!

I'll have some pictures posted next week when I return from a quick trip to Chicago.

In the meantime, check out the video below we showed and the event to tell the audience about Spectrum and inspire the participants before the contest.


Create your own video slideshow at animoto.com.



Be sure to find out about our Quick Start to get the results you deserve!

Wednesday, April 14, 2010

How much weight do you lift performing pushups?

I've always wondered how much weight is being lifted when performing push ups. I knew it wasn't equal to your body weight, because your feet are touching the floor distributing a significant amount of weight away from your arms. So how much of your weight are you actually lifting?

During some downtime, the question entered my head, and I began pondering how to actually measure the weight lift for a push-up.

I grabbed a few colleagues from Spectrum and Orthopaedics plus, a wobble board, and a weight scale and began the experiment. This is how we did it.

Dave, our eager test subject, got on the scale and we recorded his weight.

Then we placed a wobble board (essentially just the piece of wood minus the fulcrum) over the force plate to widen the surface area to accommodate the true hand spacing of a push up. Dave assumed the push-up position, and we recorded the weight.

The conclusion? In this case, the weight on the force plate was 71% of his body weight. I'm sure you might see variations of this because of people of different height and dimensions, but as a preliminary test it serves to give us an accurate estimate of how much weight you are lifting when doing a push-up.

We continued the study by seeing how much adding resistance bands of various tension affected resistance of push ups. This was a tricky set up, which at one point caused me to be partially launched across the room. We hoped no one would walk into the assessment room while we were doing this. See the pic below to see the set up, and you'll see why ;)



Here are the results of how much weight was added to a push-up with the bands:

Monster mini band (at Spectrum - Red band): + 24 pounds
Light Band (" Purple Band): + 44 pounds
Average band (" Green Band): + 81 pounds
Strong band (" Blue Band): + 150 pounds

Again, this might vary based on different body dimensions. Someone with longer arms may have slightly more resistance, and someone with shorter arms, slightly less resistance.

So if you want to have a pretty good estimate of how much weight you are lifting while doing push-ups, multiply your body weight by .71, then add the above poundage the corresponds to the above bands if you use them.

You can get resistance bands here.

Enjoy your push up training, and now you can more precisely track your weight progressions!

Wednesday, April 7, 2010

Push-up training gone bad!

Tried to do some weighted push-ups in preparation for Pushups For Charity Beverly, but the weights wouldn't stay still!




Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Hip weakness causes foot and knee pain

Many people are not aware that a weakness in one area can cause pain and problems somewhere else. Perhaps the most common area of weakness is the hips, and the consequences are many.

Be sure to check out the video below to see an example of how hip weakness leads to a common problem, resulting in foot and knee pain, and how to correct it.






For a thorough assessment of your weaknesses, and a specific plan that details exactly how to solve it, click here.

Wednesday, January 27, 2010

Proper Ab exercises

Below are some examples of abdominal exercises that challenge the anterior core musculature in a way that facilitates neutral spine (not the dangerous flexed spine). Furthermore, these exercises are mostly isometric, which better corresponds to the function of the abdominal musculature. The lower level exercises impart low levels of spinal compression despite high levels of muscular activation. The more advanced exercises to impose more of a compressive load, however far below the limits of disc damage that is often produced with spine flexion based exercises such as inclined sit-ups.

I want to emphasize that you need to be qualified to perform these movements. A trained professionals should advise you regarding:

1. Learning motor control to be able to find neutral spine and recruit the muscles to stabilize this position
2. Matching you with the appropriate challenge that corresponds to your load tolerance and strength endurance.

Do not assume that because you have worked out for 10 years or because you are particularly strong in a certain sport or lift that you qualify for advanced abdominal training. This is often not the case, and a common reason for injury.

An assessment with one of the experts at Spectrum Fitness Consulting with tell you exactly where to start and how to progress. Click here for more information.

Enjoy the videos below!













Wednesday, January 20, 2010

Why Abdominal Exercises Can Cause Back Problems

Think crunches and sit-ups are the way to a healthy back, improved performance, and a slim-mid section? Not so! See the video below and find out why:


Saturday, January 2, 2010

Beverly Fitness Challenge Winner: Jane Ash!


Before: After:


Weight Lost: 7.8 pounds
1 inch lost from arms
1.5 inches lost from waist
2.5 inches lost from hips
1.5 inches lost from thighs








Seven weeks ago I felt really down on myself! I’ve never been that big before and did not like the way I looked. While I knew the basic techniques of exercises already, I wasn’t giving 100% to my workouts.


I wanted to change so I would feel better, look better and have the strength and stamina to play the sports I enjoy like tennis, hiking, biking, cross country skiing, and snow shoeing.



Three weeks into The Challenge I was really on a roll. I had actually eliminated alcohol. I drank green tea instead of coffee. I was drinking a lot of water; packing snacks for work. I doubled up on vegetables and eliminated the rice, pasta, potato side dish that was part of our nightly dinner. I had water with every meal instead of wine or juice and no sugary desert. I was doing pretty well at alternating strength training one day and intervals the next. A quick stop by Spectrum Fitness to evaluate the interval part was really helpful. I thought I was doing that right, but apparently not!


Just about the time I was feeling results, I got laid off from work! I finally had a healthy routine down, was feeling better and actually dropped about 4 lbs so I was really motivated to keep up. Now my routine was thrown all out of whack. You may think it would be easier to stay on track, but truth be told, I am a creature of habit and not having a job to go to everyday really threw me off. With the help of a workout buddy, I did continue with the exercising. Having someone expect you to show up was really helpful, and a lot more fun than exercising alone.



At seven weeks I have lost 7.8 lbs! I can feel more core strength and less pudginess around the middle. I look less chubby in my face. I can hold a plank position for one minute! I am doing the one arm dumbbell row with 20lbs. My thighs are a lot more toned. I’m feeling much better about myself. I feel stronger and healthier and I’m much better at avoiding sugary snacks and dessert. And I don’t even miss them as much as I thought I would.


I actually look forward to meeting with my workout buddy. And it’s great that we can complete and interval workout in such a small amount of time. Staying on a regular workout routine really makes playing tennis and going cross-country skiing a lot more fun. I find the quick bursts of energy I need to get around the tennis court. And the day after cross-country skiing, I wasn’t nearly as sore as usual. It’s great tot having the energy and strength so I can enjoy the sports I love.


I definitely see myself sticking to this routine. But I have to be honest with myself and make sure I continue to challenge myself.


In the future, I see myself continuing to lose weight at a healthy place and becoming even stronger. The food part is challenging, especially around the holidays. Saying on track with everything could have me down 20lbs by next summer and into a size 10, which is the size that I think is MY BEST BODY!



Great story, great results, for a great person! Take a look at the items I bolded - this is where the secrets for success lies. Understanding the scope of the problem, having specific goals and knowing why they are important, identifying key strategies, seeking help and accountability, overcoming major obstacles, and knowing that continuing to challenge yourself is the key for sustained success.

The results? Happier, feeling better, performing better, looking better, a routine that is efficient and works.


Nice work Jane, and we look forward to training with you over the next several weeks!

Now it's Your turn! Click here to get started.


















Fitness Challenge First Runner up: Robin Foster

Weight Lost: 8 pounds
Lost 2 dress sizes

After Picture (with before dress pants!):





Seven weeks ago: "Well, I had already determined that I had to do something, or the diabetes and breast cancer that is in my family was going to catch up to me. I didn't want to wait till January 1st and make yet another New Year's Resolution to lose weight. I was eating all the wrong things... No breakfast, or just cereal.....skipping lunch.....dinner with pasta or potatoes....and a couple of glasses of wine....."

Week 3: "By week three I was feeling better, and I was definitely eating better. I'm now eating breakfast every day....an egg, or greek yogurt and fruit, or a smoothie with protein powder and fruit.....I eat lunch of a wrap or a salad, making sure there's protein in it, and dinner is usually fish, chicken or meat with two veggies. I've cut almost all bread and potatoes and pasta out. "

Week 7: "Where am I now? Well, I've lost 8 pounds and I did that during the disastrous "Halloween/Thanksgiving/Christmas" period. I guess they say that the average person gains 5-10 pounds during that time, so losing 8 is pretty good. I got through Christmas, eating some sweets and drinking some wine, but watching what I was doing and getting right back on track the next day. I was continuing to work out, and although I didn't lose anymore, I didn't gain anything back the last two weeks over Christmas, even with the whole family home. Heck, I even came to the gym on Christmas Eve!! "

"For the first time in a long time, I'm not sitting here saying, "well, when January 1st comes along, I'll try to lose weight". I know I'll lose more, because I know how, and it's nice not feeling so desperate. I look forward to going to my annual physical in April and seeing how I've brought down my cholesterol.
"

"I think the Challenge was a great idea, and it was nice to benefit a good cause in Beverly while motivating people to get moving. And even if I don't win anything.....look how happy I look in the pictures!!
"

Robin hit on some key points (in bold): Awareness of urgency, not procrastinating. Identifying key problems. Measuring success amongst challenging circumstances. the empowerment of knowing verses the desperation of not knowing what to do. And my favorite part...how happy she looks!

Awesome Robin - you rock!

Fitness Challenge 2nd runner up: Laurie Labrie

Weight Lost: 7lbs

Before Picture (11.08.09)






After Picture (12.20.09)

Before the Fitness Challenge:

Laurie had already lost over 100lbs! However, after having her second baby, eating health and exercising took a back seat, and the weight starting coming back. The Fitness Challenge came about at the right time!

Midway through the Challenge:

"I could believe I was doing exercises that I simply could not do before: Planks, squats, etc I was starting to realize that my diet wasn't great." Laurie started getting rid of unhealthy foods and began to eat more fibrous foods.

After the Fitness Challenge:

"I am grateful for the experience and shocked at both how much I and the group accomplished. My core muscles are in better shape and my lower back/hip pain has subsided. I have more energy going into this Holiday season. I have accomplished more than I ever dreamed possible. Thank you for a wonderful seven weeks, Mike!"

Way to go Laurie!